College Fails to Protect African-American Women From Divorce ...

By Janice Wood Associate News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on March 10, 2013

Married couples who have attained higher levels of education are less likely to divorce than less-educated couples ? except in the African-American community, according to new research.

?African-American women don?t seem to enjoy the same degree of protection that education confers on marriage,? said Jeounghee Kim, Ph.D., an assistant professor at Rutgers School of Social Work.

?For white Americans, higher education is related to a lower chance of divorce, and this protective effect of education on marriage increased consistently among the recent generations. But for African-American women, higher education is not necessarily related to a lower chance of divorce.?

In her study, published in the journal Family Relations, Kim observed that while the divorce rate has remained steady for white women since 1980, the trend has been less stable for African-American women.

She studied white and African-American women in five-year marriage cohorts starting from 1975 to 1979 and ending in 1995 to 1999. The researcher also took into account demographic characteristics, such as age, geographic region, motherhood status and post-secondary education (associate degree at minimum) when married.

She then measured marital dissolution (within nine years of first marriage) rather than by legal divorce, which many African-American women eschew in favor of a permanent separation.

Kim?s analysis revealed that the percentage of white women with some post-secondary education continuously increased throughout the cohorts. This was not the case with African-American women, whose educational attainment peaked in the 1985-1994 cohorts before declining.

At the same time, she found the percentage of white women getting divorced declined throughout the study period, while African-American women experienced an increase in the 1980s before declining in the 1990 to 1994 cohort.

Kim said her findings were consistent with much existing literature that says that women with higher levels of education ? and greater earning potential ? make more attractive marriage partners. Also, their marriages tend to last longer than those of their counterparts ? particularly among white women ? with less education.

But the research also raises questions about why African-American women?s higher education does not have a strong protective effect on marriage.

?One possibility is that college education does not translate into the higher earnings that would help protect marriage for African-Americans,? she said. ?Another could be that educational attainment may be insufficient to address the high levels of economic inequality that even well-educated African-Americans experience. Many are the first in their families to have attained a post-secondary education and do not benefit from the cushion of intergenerational wealth possessed by some white families.?

A third possibility involves the gender gap in African-Americans? educational attainment ? there are nearly twice as many African-American women college graduates as men.

?We see the increasing power of education protecting marriage within the same socioeconomic class,? Kim said. ?Well-educated white women may still have power to select an equally well-educated mate. Then, there may be a synergy factor ? higher incomes, better and healthier lives, smarter kids ? that helps sustain their marriage.

?On the other hand, the return on higher education may not be the same for many African-American women, who have less chance to marry their educational equals,? she continues. ?Also, because they are less likely to marry outside their race, their choices are limited.?

Source: Rutgers

Couple disagreeing photo by shutterstock.

APA Reference
Wood, J. (2013). College Fails to Protect African-American Women From Divorce. Psych Central. Retrieved on March 11, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/03/10/college-fails-to-protect-african-american-women-from-divorce/52397.html

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Source: http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/03/10/college-fails-to-protect-african-american-women-from-divorce/52397.html

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Legal Education as a Broadway Musical ? Slaw

While the RFP process for the LSUC's Licensing Pilot Project proceeds in Ontario,?Memorial University of Newfoundland is contemplating their own bid for a new law school in St. John's. Students interviewed by Heather Gardiner in Canadian Lawyer 4Students express concerns about an articling crisis developing in the Atlantic provinces.

Although I don't believe in blaming the law schools, it's worth considering this graphic by Andrew Langille, depicting Ontario law school admissions for the past 5 years:

(Courtesy of Andrew Langille)

A new law school in the Atlantic will inevitably add to the pressures of creating adequate numbers of articling positions.?We also know that some portion of law school students outside of Ontario, including??presumably?any new law school in Newfoundland, comprise of students originally from Ontario who intend to return.?

Some law schools outside of Canada are now finding that the majority of their students are from Ontario. The effect of these out of jurisdiction graduates will only accentuate the pressures on the legal job market in Ontario, an issue that goes beyond just articling or licensing.

The situation looks dismal for prospective law students. Unless ? the law schools hold out enough positions themselves.

Although articling doesn't exist in the U.S., there is considerable discussion between academics there about practical legal education. Ethan Bronner of the New York Times recently wrote about one initiative at Arizona State University:

When Douglas J. Sylvester, dean of the law school at Arizona State University, was visiting the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota a couple of years ago he mentioned the shifting job market for his students ? far fewer offers and a new demand for graduates already able to draft documents and interact with clients.

Jason Clark, 24, left, and Arman Nafisi, 27, both students at the Arizona State University law school, working on an unemployment benefits case.

The Mayo dean responded that his medical students and graduates gained clinical experience in hospital rounds closely supervised by attending physicians.

?I realized that was what we needed,? Mr. Sylvester recalled. ?A teaching hospital for law school graduates.?

This concept is not foreign to debates in Ontario, and the Carnegie Model featured prominently in the LSUC debates. But law societies have little control or mandate over how law schools deliver legal education, and Bronner emphasizes that the success of teaching hospitals is largely due to adequate state funding, which is notably absent for many proposed legal clinics.

Other initiatives detailed in the Times article include:

• Lawyers for America pilot?program out of?University of California Hastings College of the Law, placing some students in public defenders offices
• Solo practitioner incubators at a dozen law schools, including?City University of New York and Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego
• Clinical Training for Defense of Religious Liberty
• A University of Virginia program providing credit for a semester while working full-time for a nonprofit or government employer, anywhere in the world
• A new?University of Pennsylvania program providing a management certificate from the?Wharton School to improve financial literacy and management skills

The decision to go solo is not only made during law school, and when it is, it's increasingly a choice of preference. There are resources out there for practicing lawyers in firms transitioning to solo, but they are rather scarce in Canada. Susan Cartier Liebel's Solo Practice University remains an excellent resource, and one which?provides CLE for lawyers. I'd like to see that go a step further, and offer transfer credit for law students across North America who want to take a course while in law school on how to set up their practice.

The Arizona Alumni Law Group?program is considered in the Times as the most ambitious because it plans to hire 30 full-time lawyers and projected cost comparable to a?$5 million a year law firm. Each of the salaried lawyer will supervise 4-5 lawyers providing discounted legal services and targeting marginalized communities.

Other changes at Arizona include writing the bar exam in the third year of law, and a new North American Law Degree. Despite the state's proximity to Mexico, the definition of North America, and the curriculum focus here, is clearly on Canada:

In an increasingly interdependent world, the need for lawyers with expertise in Canadian and U.S. Law is a business and legal necessity for the 21st Century. We at ASU are addressing this need by offering a North American Law Degree ? granted within three years ? that prepares graduates to seek admission to the bar in?both?the U.S. and Canada. The North American Law Degree not only provides solutions for tomorrow's lawyers, it solves current needs for law students in both countries.

Education for the Canadian legal market has already been outsourced, and not to some off-shore developing nation. Canadian law schools have unwittingly and unwillingly been placed in a competitive a globalized market for Canadian legal education, and will simply have to adapt. American law schools are innovating and offering creative approaches, and are increasingly leveraging social media and communication technologies?to raise their profiles in light of dwindling applications.

I discussed this dilemma recently with Prof. Michael Scharf of Case Western University when he was in Toronto for the Niagara Moot. The school is actively using?professionally produced YouTube videos and employs a number of different blogs. It doesn't hurt that Scharf's focus is on international law, which by its very nature is inter-jurisdictional. What's really revolutionary is the free online course Scharf is teaching in Introduction to International Criminal Law starting May 1, 2013, which will have literally hundreds of students participating:

You don?t have to be a lawyer and there are no prerequisites for this course. However, the course will be conducted at the level expected of advanced undergraduate students. Therefore, for all participants, reading and writing comfortably in English at the undergraduate college level is desirable.

"Selling for free" online is not a new paradigm outside of legal services or legal education, but it's one which is quickly catching up with both. This means an increasing budget allocation is inevitable for rich media production and online outreach strategies.

Just like the Canadian movie industry constantly struggles to compete with the resources behind Hollywood productions, Canadian universities are now sharing a much larger stage with the rest of the world. Law societies may not be able to force Canadian law schools to change. But the law schools abroad, especially those in the U.S., certainly can. These students will look for clearly identifiable skills obtained through legal education, promising prospects after graduation, and the best return on their education investment. More importantly, they will be looking for all of these before they even apply.

It's not just a teaching hospital model which is calling. It's now a Broadway production. Whether it's St. John's, Newfoundland, or downtown Toronto ? the lights and camera are on, and you're up next.

Source: http://www.slaw.ca/2013/03/10/legal-education-as-a-broadway-musical/

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IndieLondon: David Bowie - The Next Day (Review) - Your London ...

Review by Jack Foley

product

IndieLondon Rating: 4 out of 5

DAVID Bowie?s comeback has been something to marvel at. A single suddenly appeared earlier this year, followed by news of a new album? and now here it is.

The Next Day is proof positive that you can?t put an iconic artist out to pasture. It?s a return that rolls back the years without necessarily attempting to revisit former glories.

The voice remains distinctive, of course, but it?s married to contemporary sounds, even if the dark themes that inhabit many Bowie standards remain intact.

Indeed, one of the most striking things about the album is the way in which it refuses to sit still. Where some older artists reach a point in their careers where they?re content to trot out cover albums of songs they?ve been inspired by, or slow the tempo, Bowie is continually striving to re-invent, surprise and push boundaries.

Hence, the 16 or so songs here seldom sit still in terms of style.

Where Are We Now?, the lead single, almost deliberately wrong-foots listeners in terms of expectation. An ode to time, it?s a sombre, thoughtful piece built around subtle piano and an aching chorus that finds Bowie adopting one of the album?s most fragile vocals.

But it?s far from the norm. Album opener and title track The Next Day, for instance, is positively bombastic by comparison, getting proceedings off to a rocking start that?s as rousing as it is despairing and angry (the song?s most notable lyric emerging as that of Bowie?s body being ?left to rot in a hollow tree?).

But then anger is something that?s never far away, much like songs that explore death. On Love Is Lost, for instance, Bowie sounds anguished as he asks: ?Oh what have you done??

While I?d Rather Be High unfolds from the perspective of a reluctant soldier (a 17-year-old Squaddie in Egypt) and is one of the album?s undoubted highlights.

And there?s an aching despair surrounding You Feel So Lonely You Could Die, which almost sounds like a Meat Loaf offering during its epic chorus. The song itself is rich in downbeat imagery.

That?s not to say the album is completey despondent. Bowie also knows when to have some fun. Dirty Boys, for instance, combines a coming-of-age tale with some dirty sax and some frivolous hooks? while Boss Of Me offers a similarly glib tale of unlikely romance (?who?d have ever dreamed that a small town girl like you would be the boss of me??) complete with more of that baritone sax.

Dancing Out In Space, meanwhile, is just an upbeat slice of disposable pop that is rife with toe-tapping beats and radio friendly melodies.

But one senses he?s more comfortable when exploring more weighty themes and issues. Hence, even a song like Valentine?s Day, which offers some romantic musical arrangements, is mired in darkness that speaks of scrawny hands and icy hearts.

While How Does The Grass Grow? laments ?there will be no tomorrow? and talks of blood-soaked fields while mixing in livewire riffs from Gail Ann Dorsey and a vocal sample of The Shadows? Apache.

And as hard rocking as (You Will) Set The World On Fire undoubtedly is, there?s a danger inherent in the lyrics (and the song?s title) that feels positivey incendiary (especially with lines like ?I can hear the nation cry? to augment it).

Final track Heat, meanwhile, offers some musings on the nature of identity which serve as perhaps the album?s biggest contradiction, given the many identities that Bowie himself has inhabited over the years. But then the singer does declare throughout, ?I don?t know who I am?, while also reflecting on the theft of love and a father who ran a prison. It?s a brooding finale, imbued with sinister string arrangements, that finds Bowie at his most thought-provoking, troubled and cinematic.

But then Bowie has long been a master of delivering music that makes you think as much as it entertains and The Next Day offers a fascinating and richly compelling next chapter in this artist?s musical odyssey.

Download picks: Dirty Boys, I?d Rather Be High, (You Will) Set The World On Fire, Valentine?s Day, Boss Of Me, Love Is Lost

Track listing:

1. The Next Day
2. Dirty Boys
3. The Stars (Are Out Tonight)
4. Love Is Lost
5. Where Are We Now?
6. Valentine?s Day
7. If You Can See Me
8. I?d Rather Be High
9. Boss of Me
10. Dancing Out In Space
11. How Does the Grass Grow?
12. (You Will) Set the World On Fire
13. You Feel So Lonely You Could Die
14. Heat

Source: http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Music-Review/david-bowie-the-next-day-review

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Path adds messaging, stickers for messaging, and a shop to, um, buy stickers for messaging

Path, the eye-candy filled semi-private social network app for iPhone and iPad, has updated to version 3.0. New features center around messaging, which allows you to communicate directly with a specific friend, rather than posting things for all of them to see. They've also added stickers, or little graphics you can send via messaging, and store to buy stickers. That's right, Path's way of asking you to tip the service, if you like it, is through $1.99 sets of cutesy pics.

The sticker sets are made by well known artists, like the Iconfactory's Dave Lanham, and each set has a score or so of stickers.

As to the rest of it, it remains as it ever was. Meandering and mixed. The user interface is gorgeous but the user experience is flummoxing. For an app called Path, it's ironically unclear how to move through it. Messaging is even worse. In my brief test, half the messages I sent were unintentional. The interface was fantastic, but I ended up sharing my location -- something I regard as highly private -- and stickers totally by accident.

Path sent them as I browsed them. That's bad behavior. I should be able to tap something, change my mind, tap something else, then only send it when and if I hit the actual Send button. Otherwise, why have a Send button at all? That lack of control makes it unusable to me.

If you've tried it out, let me know what you think. Are you all in on Path, and if not, does the messaging or stickers pull you in more, or send you running even further?

• Free - Download now

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/rCo_nElNVxw/story01.htm

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US Forces Will Soon Be Shooting DAGRs

Hellfire II missiles are accurate and powerful, but expensive. Hydra 70 rockets are relatively cheap but unguided and far less accurate, which increases the chances of incurring collateral damage. But by combining a Hellfire's guidance and launcher with a Hydra's warhead and propellant, Lockheed has created a deadly new hybrid in the Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR). More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/DN_dRufWftA/us-forces-will-soon-be-shooting-dagrs

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